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Their portfolios are becoming more global.

Growth will be moderate despite the increase in loans.

It has the lowest staff cost per employee at US$61,800 (S$83,333). UOB Kay Hian reports OCBC leads in cost efficiency with the lowest staff cost per employee and ‘very lean’ non-wage expenses. This is against US$89,600 (S$120,830) for DBS and US$64,900 (S$87,620) for UOB. However, DBS’ staff cost per employee grew at a slightly slower CAGR at 3.6% for 2013-17, vs 4.8% for OCBC and 4.9% for UOB. Staff cost accounted for 61.6% of operating expenses for OCBC despite its lower staff costs per employee, vs 56% for DBS and 55.3% for UOB in September 2017. DBS also leads in productivity with the highest income per employee at US$399,500 (S$538,805) as of 3Q17 (annualised), significantly above the US$239,800 (S$323,465) for OCBC and US$267,900 (S$361,289). This is mainly due to its established presence in Singapore and Hong Kong with market shares, which are major financial centres, estimated at 20.6% and 4.2% respectively. According to UOB Kay Hian, OCBC and UOB's income per employee grew at a faster CAGR at 4.7% and 5.6% respectively for 2013-17, vs 2.1% for DBS. OCBC’s income per employee stayed flat in 2015 and 2016, possibly held back by the integration of Wing Hang Bank, but had improved 11% ytd in 9M17. UOB’s income per employee has grown steadily at CAGR of 5.6% for 2013-17. DBS has the highest PPoP per employee at US$232,600 (S$313,701), vs US$135,400 (S$182,703) for OCBC and US$151,500 (S$204,284) for UOB. OCBC and UOB registered faster growth with PPoP per employee expanding at CAGR of 4.4% and 4.9% respectively for 2013-17, vs 2.1% for DBS. DBS has the smallest workforce at 23,114, whilst OCBC had the largest headcount of 29,161 as of September 2017. UOB has kept headcount relatively unchanged as it maintains an ASEAN-centric footprint and did not partake in any major M&As.  

It's a steep decline from the 13.4% profit growth in 2017.

The financial impact should be moderate and manageable.

Overdue loans grew despite the fall in impaired loans.

Hong Kong will be the first and biggest beneficiary of the trend.

And find out if 2018 will be the year of the Bank of Amazon.

NPLs should stay flat in 2018.

Banks also need to prepare for increased competition from non-traditional players.

Thanks to strengthening government regulations and stable economic growth.

Moreover, about 41% of banked balance has now abandoned traditional channels.

Earnings growth could taper off next year.

But banks are still reluctant to lend due to credit risk concerns.

The banks have emerged from a shallow episode of asset deterioration in 2016.

And regulatory woes dampen investor appetite for European banks.